What Freezing Point Depression Is and How It Works

Freezing point depression occurs when the freezing point of a liquid is lowered or depressed by adding another compound to it. The solution has a lower freezing point than that of the pure solvent. Freezing Point Depression Examples For example, the freezing point of seawater is lower than that of pure water. The freezing point of water to which antifreeze has been added is lower than that of pure water. The freezing point of vodka is lower than that of pure water. Vodka and other high-proof alcoholic beverages typically dont freeze in a home freezer. Yet, the freezing point is higher than that of pure ethanol (-173.5Â °F or -114.1Â °C). Vodka may be considered a solution of ethanol (solute) in water (solvent). When considering freezing point depression, look at the freezing point of the solvent. Colligative Properties of Matter Freezing point depression is a colligative property of matter. Colligative properties depend on the number of particles present, not on the type of particles or their mass. So, for example, if both calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium chloride (NaCl) completely dissolve in water, the calcium chloride would lower the freezing point more than the sodium chloride because it would produce three particles (one calcium ion and two chloride ions), while the sodium chloride would only produce two particles (one sodium and one chloride ion). Freezing Point Depression Formula Freezing point depression can be calculated using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Raoults law. In a dilute ideal solution, the freezing point is: Freezing Pointtotal Freezing Pointsolvent - ΔTf where ΔTf molality * Kf * i Kf cryoscopic constant (1.86Â °C kg/mol for the freezing point of water) i Vant Hoff factor Freezing Point Depression in Everyday Life Freezing point depression has interesting and useful applications. When salt is put on an icy road, the salt mixes with a small amount of liquid water to prevent melting ice from re-freezing. If you mix salt and ice in a bowl or bag, the same process makes the ice colder, which means it can be used for making ice cream. Freezing point depression also explains why vodka doesnt freeze in a freezer.

Analysis Of The Eight Steps Of Kotter s Change Management...

Bringing change to an organization is a process that any and every organization does at one time of another. Change is important to any organization because, without change, business will lose their competitive edge and will fail to meet the needs of what is to become a growing organization. This paper will show the eight steps of Kotter’s Change Management Model and to see if they apply to Lehigh Hanson and the change they are undergoing. In the Diagnosing change paper, we discussed the change of going Employee Self Service. As we discussed that going to Employee Self Service would be a great change for the organization, because it would allow the various departments to focus on the more detailed procedures, and allow the organizations to focus on changes in technology and HRIS systems. We will be looking at Kotter’s redefined concept of a structure within a structure which will help unleash employee innovation. When Kotter’s talked about his structure, he talked about there are processes accelerators which enable his structure to work. His 8-step change management model will be what we are using to assist with the change that Lehigh Hanson will be undergoing. To start a change in an organization, there must be a need for the change. Your entire organization must make this change. When Lehigh project team and the Director presented the change to go ESS, the employees were skeptical of the change. Once they received all the details of the project all employees wereShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kurt Lewin s Change Management Model And John Kotter s Eight Step Change Model2105 Words   |  9 Pagestransformation efforts fail † (Kotter International, 2016). Change models exist to conceptualise and aid the process, providing a conceptual framewor k for change agents to identify and mitigate the issues that could contest the change purpose to achieve the desired outcomes (Hayes, 2014). Carnall (2007) states humans need the structure of a model to help identify what is planned and how to achieve the change. Du Toit (2003) highlights the importance that when choosing the change model it is imperative agentsRead MoreHow Lewin s Model Is Still Applicable Today s Change Management World1323 Words   |  6 Pagesrecognized that change is almost always met with resistance. More importantly, he identified the behaviors and environments that stimulate resistance. Thus, careful consideration of behavioral and environmental impacts must occur in the Unfreezing stage of Lewin’s Unfreezing-Changing-Refreezing Model prior to implementing the change. This will prepare the leaders of the organization to meet the resistance with the correct leadership and management style. 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Weiss (2016) noted â€Å"Factors such as technology and globalization have made the world far more interconnected† (p. 4). These factors can create more risks and opportunities for organizations to succeed or fail. Change management is inevitable, in order to successfully bring an organization into the twenty-first century, leaders must recognize this, develop plans and successfullyRead MoreChange Management Theory Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesin the analysis of corporate management. The analysis includes evaluating the client’s management practices and providing recommendations on potential change management techniques, which may improve the processes the company employs when transitioning to a new technology. Goal of change management process is the improvement of an implementation tempered by bottom-line realities. The agenda for the presentation includes the proble m statement, the engagement scope, company’s change management historyRead MoreCritical Review On Change Management Essay1977 Words   |  8 PagesMGMT.7931 Change Management Assignment One, Journal Article Analysis Semester Two, 2016 Critical Review Engage the heart: Appealing to the emotions facilitates change Student ID: 27001608 E. Roberts Date Due: 2nd September, 2016 1. Introduction: A) For successful commitment from those involved towards organisational change, information won t convert these individuals to believers of change. As the authors of this article want to point out, individualsRead MoreManagement Is The Application Of A Structured Process1489 Words   |  6 PagesChange management is the application of a structured process and set of tools for leading the people side of change to achieve a desired outcome. Change management emphasizes the â€Å"people side† of change and targets leadership within all levels of an organization including executives, senior leaders, middle managers and line supervisors. When change management is done well, people feel engaged in the change process and work collectively towards a common objective, realizing benefits and delivering

Big Ones by Aerosmith free essay sample

This band has sold millions of records, played thousands of shows, and traveled hundreds of countries. This album contains nothing but the best hit songs from their past albums.The Aerosmith compilation album â€Å"Big Ones† is sure to please any rock ‘n roll fan. Filled with bluesy harmonica, to wicked guitar solos, it contains a variety of rock songs with a country twang. Making this album was pretty simple for the band because of it being compiled with previous hits. It’s packed full of rock and rock ballad songs. This rock band had a lot of success come to them from this album. This rocky compilation album contains Aerosmith’s hit songs from three of their multi-platinum albums. Due to the fact that it’s a compilation album, the band took eight years to record it: from 1987-1994. Each song on this album was written by the band’s singer, Steven Tyler, with a little help from other band members and songwriters. We will write a custom essay sample on Big Ones by Aerosmith or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These songs are filled with nothing but real, raw, and truthful lyrics that each tell a story to the listener. Compiled into this record are fifteen uniquely written songs. Thirteen of them are from previous albums, while two new songs, â€Å"Walk On Water† and â€Å"Blind Man†, were especially written for this album. Each song has a different sound to it, but they all make up the album: Big Ones. When it comes to rock hits, this album has plenty of them. One of the most famous ones has got to be â€Å"Dude (Looks Like a Lady)†. This crazy hit has a catchy beat that makes you wanna sing and dance along. While the lyrics tell a funny story about a dude, that well, looks like a lady. Another track is â€Å"The Other Side†. The mix of instruments including trumpet, piano, and guitar, tell an emotional story with an upbeat tempo. My favorite song on the album has got to be â€Å"What It Takes†. The lyrics have so much soul and meaning when you really listen to them. Tyler’s strong vocals makes this song a sure hit. â€Å"Big Ones† contains many rock songs, including these three hits. Along with rock hits, it also has a variety of slower rock ballad type hits. Some of the more famous ones include: â€Å"Crazy†, â€Å"Livin’ On The Edge†, and â€Å"Janie’s Got a Gun†. â€Å"Janie’s Got a Gun† has a slow beat that tells a story through its lyrics. On the other hand, â€Å"Crazy† has more bluesy sound to it. The mix of harmonica and guitar create a country sound that you can’t help but sing along to. Finally, â€Å"Livin’ on the Edge† opens up with the beating on a tambourine that later turns into slow guitar. This hits truthful lyrics sound amazing with Tylers’ voice. It’s hard to not love these slow rock ballads. With the combo of hits from previous albums, this record sure had a lot of success brought to it. The three multi-platinum albums this record was created from are â€Å"Permanent Vacation†, â€Å"Pump†, and â€Å"Get a Grip†. With its rock/country hits, it managed to reach number 6 on the Billboard charts; shortly after it was released on November 1, 1994. It was also in the Billboard Top Ten in 9 countries. Now that’s definitely an accomplishment! This worldwide hit was Aerosmith’s second be st selling compilation album ever! As a band that’s been around for a long time, they’ve accomplishes so much. Especially with this rockin’ album. They made an album, filled it with rock and rock ballad songs, and had lots of success come to it. Aerosmith’s â€Å"Big Ones† is a compilation album packed with 15 songs that are sure to please any old rock lover. They’ve sold millions of records, played thousands of shows, and traveled hundreds of countries. Even after 40 years of making music, they still have what it takes to be a band and make even more successful albums just like this one.